Publications - Journal articles


Showing entries 101 - 150 out of 500

2020


De Luca, HG, Anthony, DB, Greenhalgh, ES, Bismarck, A & Shaffer, MSP 2020, 'Piezoresistive structural composites reinforced by carbon nanotube-grafted quartz fibres', Composites Science and Technology, vol. 198, 108275. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compscitech.2020.108275

Jones, M, Gandia, A, John, S & Bismarck, A 2020, 'Leather-like material biofabrication using fungi', Nature sustainability, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 9-16. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41893-020-00606-1

Gonzalez Cortes, P, Araya-Hermosilla, R, Araya-Hermosilla, E, Acuna, D, Mautner, A, Caballero, L, Melo, F, Moreno-Villoslada, I, Picchioni, F, Rolleri, A & Quero, F 2020, 'Mechanical properties and electrical surface charges of microfibrillated cellulose/imidazole-modified polyketone composite membranes', Polymer Testing, vol. 89, 106710. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymertesting.2020.106710

Danninger, D, Hartmann, F, Paschinger, W, Pruckner, R, Schwodiauer, R, Demchyshyn, S, Bismarck, A, Bauer, S & Kaltenbrunner, M 2020, 'Stretchable Polymerized High Internal Phase Emulsion Separators for High Performance Soft Batteries', Advanced energy materials, vol. 10, no. 19, 2000467. https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.202000467

Nawawi, WMFW, Lee, K-Y, Kontturi, E, Bismarck, A & Mautner, A 2020, 'Surface properties of chitin-glucan nanopapers from Agaricus bisporus', International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, vol. 148, pp. 677-687. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.01.141

Nawawi, WMFBW, Jones, M, Murphy, RJ, Lee, K-Y, Kontturi, E & Bismarck, A 2020, 'Nanomaterials Derived from Fungal Sources-Is It the New Hype?', Biomacromolecules, vol. 21, no. 1, pp. 30-55. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.biomac.9b01141

Janesch, J, Czabany, I, Hansmann, C, Mautner, A, Rosenau, T & Gindl-Altmutter, W 2020, 'Transparent layer-by-layer coatings based on biopolymers and CeO2 to protect wood from UV light', Progress in organic coatings, vol. 138, 105409. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.porgcoat.2019.105409

2019


Quero, F, Quintro, A, Orellana, N, Opazo, G, Mautner, A, Jaque, A, Valdebenito, F, Flores, M & Acevedo, C 2019, 'Production of Biocompatible Protein Functionalized Cellulose Membranes by a Top-Down Approach', ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering, vol. 5, no. 11, pp. 5968-5978. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsbiomaterials.9b01015

Jones, M, Weiland, K, Kujundzic, M, Theiner, J, Kaehlig, H, Kontturi, E, John, S, Bismarck, A & Mautner, A 2019, 'Waste-Derived Low-Cost Mycelium Nanopapers with Tunable Mechanical and Surface Properties', Biomacromolecules, vol. 20, no. 9, pp. 3513-3523. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.biomac.9b00791

Mautner, A, Kwaw, Y, Weiland, K, Mvubu, M, Botha, A, John, MJ, Mtibe, A, Siqueira, G & Bismarck, A 2019, 'Natural fibre-nanocellulose composite filters for the removal of heavy metal ions from water', Industrial Crops and Products, vol. 133, pp. 325-332. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2019.03.032

von Baeckmann, C, Wilhelm, H, Spieckermann, F, Strobel, S, Polt, G, Sowinski, P, Piorkowska, E, Bismarck, A & Zehetbauer, M 2019, 'The influence of crystallization conditions on the macromolecular structure and strength of γ-polypropylene', Thermochimica Acta, vol. 677, pp. 131-138. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tca.2019.03.007

Nawawi, WMFW, Lee, K-Y, Kontturi, E, Murphy, RJ & Bismarck, A 2019, 'Chitin Nanopaper from Mushroom Extract: Natural Composite of Nanofibers and Glucan from a Single Biobased Source', ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering, vol. 7, no. 7, pp. 6492-6496. https://doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.9b00721

Mautner, A, Kobkeatthawin, T, Mayer, F, Plessl, C, Gorgieva, S, Kokol, V & Bismarck, A 2019, 'Rapid Water Softening with TEMPO-Oxidized/Phosphorylated Nanopapers', Nanomaterials, vol. 9, no. 2, 136. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano9020136

2018


Colson, J, Pettersson, T, Asaadi, S, Sixta, H, Nypelo, T, Mautner, A & Konnerth, J 2018, 'Adhesion properties of regenerated lignocellulosic fibres towards poly (lactic acid) microspheres assessed by colloidal probe technique', Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, vol. 532, pp. 819-829. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2018.08.032

Magaz, A, Roberts, AD, Faraji, S, Nascimento, TRL, Medeiros, ES, Zhang, W, Greenhalgh, RD, Mautner, A, Li, X & Blaker, JJ 2018, 'Porous, Aligned, and Biomimetic Fibers of Regenerated Silk Fibroin Produced by Solution Blow Spinning', Biomacromolecules, vol. 19, no. 12, pp. 4542-4553. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.biomac.8b01233

Valencia, L, Kumar, S, Jalvo, B, Mautner, A, Salazar-Alvarez, G & Mathew, AP 2018, 'Fully bio-based zwitterionic membranes with superior antifouling and antibacterial properties prepared via surface-initiated free-radical polymerization of poly(cysteine methacrylate)', Journal of Materials Chemistry A: materials for energy and sustainability, vol. 6, no. 34, pp. 16361-16370. https://doi.org/10.1039/c8ta06095a

Anthony, DB, Sui, X, Kellersztein, I, De Luca, HG, White, ER, Wagner, HD, Greenhalgh, ES, Bismarck, A & Shaffer, MSP 2018, 'Continuous carbon nanotube synthesis on charged carbon fibers', Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, vol. 112, pp. 525-538. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesa.2018.05.027

Stubenrauch, C, Menner, A, Bismarck, A & Drenckhan, W 2018, 'Emulsion and Foam Templating—Promising Routes to Tailor‐Made Porous Polymers', Angewandte Chemie (International Edition), vol. 57, no. 32, pp. 10024-10032. https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201801466

Hagberg, J, Maples, HA, Alvim, KSP, Xu, J, Johannisson, W, Bismarck, A, Zenkert, D & Lindbergh, G 2018, 'Lithium iron phosphate coated carbon fiber electrodes for structural lithium ion batteries', Composites Science and Technology, vol. 162, pp. 235-243. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compscitech.2018.04.041

De Luca, F, Clancy, AJ, Carrero, NR, Anthony, DB, De Luca, HG, Shaffer, MSP & Bismarck, A 2018, 'Increasing carbon fiber composite strength with a nanostructured "brick-and-mortar" interphase', Materials Horizons, vol. 5, no. 4, pp. 668-674. https://doi.org/10.1039/c7mh00917h

De Luca, F, Sernicola, G, Shaffer, MSP & Bismarck, A 2018, '"Brick-and-Mortar" Nanostructured Interphase for Glass-Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Composites', ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces, vol. 10, no. 8, pp. 7352-7361. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.7b16136

Mautner, A, Mayer, F, Hervy, M, Lee, K-Y & Bismarck, A 2018, 'Better together: synergy in nanocellulose blends', Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, vol. 376, no. 2112, 20170043. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2017.0043

Buldum, G, Bismarck, A & Mantalaris, A 2018, 'Recombinant biosynthesis of bacterial cellulose in genetically modified Escherichia coli', Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering: bioreactors, upstream and downstream processes, measurement and control, vol. 41, no. 2, pp. 265-279. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00449-017-1864-1

Woodward, RT, Markoulidis, F, De Luca, F, Anthony, DB, Malko, D, McDonald, TO, Shaffer, MSP & Bismarck, A 2018, 'Carbon foams from emulsion-templated reduced graphene oxide polymer composites: electrodes for supercapacitor devices', Journal of Materials Chemistry A: materials for energy and sustainability, vol. 6, no. 4, pp. 1840-1849. https://doi.org/10.1039/c7ta09893f

2017


Greenhalgh, RD, Ambler, WS, Quinn, SJ, Medeiros, ES, Anderson, M, Gore, B, Menner, A, Bismarck, A, Li, DX, Tirelli, N & Blaker, JJ 2017, 'Hybrid sol-gel inorganic/gelatin porous fibres via solution blow spinning', Journal of Materials Science, vol. 52, no. 15, pp. 9066-9081. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-017-0868-1

Showing entries 101 - 150 out of 500

Publications - Bookchapters


Showing entries 1 - 4 out of 4

2018


Fortea Verdejo, M & Bismarck, A 2018, Chapter 10: Upgrading the Properties of Woven and Non-Woven (Ligno)Cellulosic Fibre Preforms with Nanocellulose. in K-Y Lee (ed.), Nanocellulose and Sustainability: Production, Properties, Applications, and Case Studies. 1st Edition edn, CRC Press Taylor & Francis Group, pp. 197-216.

Mautner, A, Hakalahti, M, Rissanen, V & Tammelin, T 2018, Chapter 6: Crucial Interfacial Features of Nanocellulose Materials. in K-Y Lee (ed.), Nanocellulose and Sustainability: Production, Properties, Applications, and Case Studies. 1st Edition edn, CRC Press Taylor & Francis Group, pp. 87-128.

2016


Lee, K-Y & Bismarck, A 2016, Chapter 6 – Bacterial NanoCellulose as Reinforcement for Polymer Matrices. in M Gama, F Dourado & S Bielecki (eds), Bacterial Nanocellulose: From Biotechnology to Bio-Economy. ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV, pp. 109–122. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-444-63458-0.00006-8

2012


Shamsuddin, S-R, Chee Ho, KK, Lee, K-Y, Hodgkinson, JM & Bismarck, A 2012, Carbon Fiber: Properties, Testing, and Analysis. in Wiley Encyclopedia of Composites. Wiley, pp. 1-17. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118097298.weoc023

Showing entries 1 - 4 out of 4

Publications - Books

Showing entries 1 - 0 out of 0
Showing entries 1 - 0 out of 0

Publications - Conferences


Showing entries 1 - 50 out of 218

2019


Lee, K-Y, Murakami, R & Bismarck, A 2019, 'Cellulose fibril emulsifiers: Interesting and versatile', American Chemical Society. Abstracts of Papers (at the National Meeting), vol. 257.

Kondor, A, Mautner, A, Lee, K-Y, Bismarck, A & Williams, D 2019, 'Challenges on specific surface area analysis of cellulosic materials', American Chemical Society. Abstracts of Papers (at the National Meeting), vol. 257.

Weiland, K, Mautner, A, Arteaga, JL, Bauer, A & Bismarck, A 2019, 'Elephantidae manure and biogas residue as potential raw material for the extraction of cellulose', American Chemical Society. Abstracts of Papers (at the National Meeting), vol. 257.

Mautner, A, Fortea-Verdejo, M & Bismarck, A 2019, 'Energy efficient nanocellulose foam coating on cellulosic textiles for water filtration membranes', American Chemical Society. Abstracts of Papers (at the National Meeting), vol. 257.

Fortea-Verdejo, M, Mautner, A & Bismarck, A 2019, 'Foaming nanocellulose for coating applications', American Chemical Society. Abstracts of Papers (at the National Meeting), vol. 257.

Mautner, A, Janesch, J & Bismarck, A 2019, 'Fungal chitosan-glucan in water remediation applications', American Chemical Society. Abstracts of Papers (at the National Meeting), vol. 257.

Mayer, F, Mautner, A, Lee, K-Y & Bismarck, A 2019, 'Hybridization of nanocelluloses for improved nanopaper properties', American Chemical Society. Abstracts of Papers (at the National Meeting), vol. 257.

Quero, F, Opazo, G, Quintro, A, Fernandez, J, Zhao, Y, Mautner, A & Flores, M 2019, 'Protein-functionalized cellulose fibrils and nanopapers derived from tunic wastes', American Chemical Society. Abstracts of Papers (at the National Meeting), vol. 257.

2018


Jalalian, M, Jiang, Q & Bismarck, A 2018, 'Any good? Foam templating as route for tailor-made macroporous polymer foams', American Chemical Society. Abstracts of Papers (at the National Meeting), vol. 256.

Menner, A, Rusakov, D & Bismarck, A 2018, 'High performance polymer foams: How to push lots of air into PEEK, PEKK and TPI', American Chemical Society. Abstracts of Papers (at the National Meeting), vol. 256.

Andrieux, S, Roland, T, Menner, A, Drenckhan, W, Costantini, M, Barbetta, A, Swieszkowski, W & Stubenrauch, C 2018, 'Microfluidics: A tool to control the degree of polydispersity', American Chemical Society. Abstracts of Papers (at the National Meeting), vol. 256.

Steindl, P, Menner, A & Bismarck, A 2018, 'Pushing the limits - producing highly porous epoxy resins', American Chemical Society. Abstracts of Papers (at the National Meeting), vol. 256.

Werner, M, Perko, J, Prinz, V, Bismarck, A & Lieberzeit, P 2018, Pickering Emulsion Polymerization of Polystyrene to Synthesize Bacteria Imprinted Polymer Beads for Pre-Concentration. in Conference Proceedings. pp. 699 - 700, 17th International Meeting on Chemical Sensors – IMCS2018, Wien, Austria, 15/07/18. https://doi.org/10.5162/IMCS2018/P2BM.8

Mautner, A, Weiland, K & Bismarck, A 2018, Cellulose nanopapers from elephant manure. in Book of Abstracts. 3rd International EPNOE Junior Scientists Meeting - Advances in Fundamental and Applied Polysaccharide Research, Maribor, Slovenia, 14/05/18.

Jalalian, M, Jiang, Q & Bismarck, A 2018, 'Beat it! Foam templated macroporous lignin foams', American Chemical Society. Abstracts of Papers (at the National Meeting), vol. 255.

Mautner, A, Weiland, K & Bismarck, A 2018, 'Cellulose nanopapers from elephant manure', American Chemical Society. Abstracts of Papers (at the National Meeting), vol. 255.

Santmarti, A, Hervy, M, Mautner, A, Kondor, A, Bismarck, A & Lee, K-Y 2018, 'Highly porous and highly permeable bacterial cellulose nanopaper as reinforcement for polymers', American Chemical Society. Abstracts of Papers (at the National Meeting), vol. 255.

Mautner, A, Lee, K-Y, Kontturi, E & Bismarck, A 2018, 'Included? Not included! (Nano)Cellulose inclusion compounds', American Chemical Society. Abstracts of Papers (at the National Meeting), vol. 255.

Mautner, A, Lee, K-Y & Bismarck, A 2018, 'Nanopaper nanofiltration membranes from seawater suspensions of TEMPO-CNF', American Chemical Society. Abstracts of Papers (at the National Meeting), vol. 255.

Hobisch, M, Mourad, E, Fischer, WJ, Zankel, A, Mautner, A, Freunberger, S, Eckhart, R, Bauer, W & Spirk, S 2018, 'Paper fines as renewable source for supercapacitor electrode materials', American Chemical Society. Abstracts of Papers (at the National Meeting), vol. 255.

2017


Jalalian, M, Jiang, Q & Bismarck, A 2017, Air templated Macroporous Lignin Foams. in Tagungsband. pp. OP 50, Danube Vltava Sava Polymer Meeting - DVSPM 2017, Wien, Austria, 5/09/17.

Mayer, F, Mautner, A & Bismarck, A 2017, Customization of Tempo-oxidized nanocellulose Papers for improved mechanical Properties. in Tagungsband. pp. OP 48, Danube Vltava Sava Polymer Meeting - DVSPM 2017, Wien, Austria, 5/09/17.

Barna, NM, Maitland, G & Bismarck, A 2017, DNA Tracers for Subsurface Applications in the Oil and Gas Industry. in Tagungsband. pp. OP 79, Danube Vltava Sava Polymer Meeting - DVSPM 2017, Wien, Austria, 5/09/17.

Steindl, P, Menner, A & Bismarck, A 2017, Elegant methods for preparing Epoxy Foams. in Tagungsband. pp. OP 88, Danube Vltava Sava Polymer Meeting - DVSPM 2017, Wien, Austria, 5/09/17.

Rusakov, D, Menner, A & Bismarck, A 2017, High Porosity Polyetherketoneketone. in Tagungsband. pp. OP 24, Danube Vltava Sava Polymer Meeting - DVSPM 2017, Wien, Austria, 5/09/17.

Eichelter, J, Mautner, A, Bismarck, A, Eder , A, Wilhelm , H & Schafler, E 2017, High-velocity stretching tests of polyethylene. in Tagungsband. pp. OP 94, Danube Vltava Sava Polymer Meeting - DVSPM 2017, Wien, Austria, 5/09/17.

Mautner, A, Lee, K-Y & Bismarck, A 2017, Influence of Cellulose Nanopaper Characteristics on Paper and Composite Properties. in Tagungsband. pp. OP 45, Danube Vltava Sava Polymer Meeting - DVSPM 2017, Wien, Austria, 5/09/17.

Fortea Verdejo, M, Bumbaris, E, Tonneau, A, Lee, K-Y & Bismarck, A 2017, Nanocellulose in Hierarchical Natural Fibre Composites. in Tagungsband. pp. OP 27, Danube Vltava Sava Polymer Meeting - DVSPM 2017, Wien, Austria, 5/09/17.

Yousefi, N, Mautner, A, Nawawi, WMFW & Bismarck, A 2017, Nanopapers derived from Fungi in Membrane and Water Treatment Operations. in Tagungsband. pp. OP 42, Danube Vltava Sava Polymer Meeting - DVSPM 2017, Wien, Austria, 5/09/17.

Weiland , K, Mautner, A & Bismarck, A 2017, Nano-papers from Elephantidea Manure. in Tagungsband. pp. OP 49, Danube Vltava Sava Polymer Meeting - DVSPM 2017, Wien, Austria, 5/09/17.

Barkan-Öztürk, H, Menner, A & Bismarck, A 2017, Plant-on-a-bench. in Tagungsband. pp. OP 13, Danube Vltava Sava Polymer Meeting - DVSPM 2017, Wien, Austria, 5/09/17.

Paschinger, W, Nguyen Thu, HM & Bismarck, A 2017, Porous Polymers for Battery Applications. in Tagungsband. pp. OP 18, Danube Vltava Sava Polymer Meeting - DVSPM 2017, Wien, Austria, 5/09/17.

De Luca, H, Anthony, DB, Greenhalgh, ES, Shaffer, MSP & Bismarck, A 2017, Continuous production of carbon nanotube-grafted quartz fibres: Effect of carbon nanotube length on fibre/matrix adhesion. in Book of Abstracts. 21st International Conference on Composite Materials (ICCM-21), Xi’an, China, 20/08/17.

Anthony, DB, Bacarreza Nogales , OR, Shaffer, MSP, Robinson, P, Pimenta , S & Bismarck, A 2017, Crack arrest in finger jointed thermoplastic PES interleaved CFRC. in Book of Abstracts. 21st International Conference on Composite Materials (ICCM-21), Xi’an, China, 20/08/17.

Seidler , K, Shamsuddin, SR & Bismarck, A 2017, In-mould multifunctional coatings with graphene nanocomposites. in Book of Abstracts. 21st International Conference on Composite Materials (ICCM-21), Xi’an, China, 20/08/17.

Bismarck, A & Shamsuddin, SR 2017, Interleaved thermosetting composites for in-mould coating and manufacturing of thick composite structures with improved fracture toughness. in Book of Abstracts. 21st International Conference on Composite Materials (ICCM-21), Xi’an, China, 20/08/17.

Fortea Verdejo, M, Bismarck, A, Bumbaris, E, Tonneau, A & Lee, K-Y 2017, Is hierarchy useful for natural fibre composites? in Book of Abstracts. 21st International Conference on Composite Materials (ICCM-21), Xi’an, China, 20/08/17.

De Luca, F, Clancy, AJ, Sernicola , G, Shaffer, MSP & Bismarck, A 2017, Nanostructured “Brick-and-mortar” interphase inspired by nacre to improve carbon fibre composite performance. in Book of Abstracts. 21st International Conference on Composite Materials (ICCM-21), Xi’an, China, 20/08/17.

Rusakov, D, Bismarck, A & Menner, A 2017, High Porosity Macroporous Polyetheretherketone. in Book of Abstracts. ANM 2017, Aveiro, Portugal, 19/07/17.

Steindl, P, Bismarck, A & Menner, A 2017, Stronger than they look: Foamed Epoxy Resins. in Book of Abstracts. ANM 2017, Aveiro, Portugal, 19/07/17.

Anthony, DB, Bacarreza Nogales , OR, Shaffer, MSP, Bismarck, A, Robinson, P & Pimenta , S 2017, Crack arrest in finger jointed thermoplastic PES interleaved CFRC. in AIP Conference Proceedings: open access publication of American Institute of Physics. PPS2017, Dresden, Germany, 26/06/17.

Mautner, A, Yousefi, N, Nawawi, WMFW & Bismarck, A 2017, Chitin-Glucan Nanopapers from Fungi in Membrane and Water Treatment Operations. in Program Book. pp. 140, 253rd American Chemical Society NATIONAL MEETING & EXPOSITION, San Francisco, CA, California, United States, 2/04/17.

Kontturi, KS, Biegaj, K, Mautner, A, Woodward, RT, Wilson, BP, Lee, K-Y, Heng, JYY, Bismarck, A & Kontturi, E 2017, Exclusive surface modification off cellulose nanopapers by adsorption of polymers from non-aqueous solvents. in Program Book. 253rd American Chemical Society NATIONAL MEETING & EXPOSITION, San Francisco, CA, California, United States, 2/04/17.

2016


Müller, HW & Bismarck, A 2016, 'ViEDRA coming alive', Paper presented at 2nd International PaCE Christmas Symposium, Wien, Austria, 16/12/16 - 16/12/16.

Nawawi, WMFW, Lee, K-Y, Mautner, A & Bismarck, A 2016, 'Renewable Nanomaterials: The composition is important', Paper presented at 2016 European Inverse Gas Chromatography (iGC) Symposium, London, United Kingdom, 18/10/16 - 19/10/16.

Fischer, WJ, Schmiedt, R, Mautner, A, Jagiello, L, Mayr, M, Tovar, RG, Eckhart, R, Spirk, S & Bauer, W 2016, 'Pulp fines – Investigating the smallest constituent parts of the paper network', Paper presented at 2nd International EPNOE Junior Scientists meeting, Sophia-Antipolis , France, 13/10/16 - 14/10/16.

Lee, K-Y, Blaker, JJ, Murakami, R, Heng, JYY & Bismarck, A 2016, 'Phase behaviour of water-in-oil emulsions stabilised solely by hydrophobised bacterial cellulose nanofibrils', Paper presented at RSC/SCI Colloids Group Meeting: Particles at Interfaces , Leeds, United Kingdom, 7/09/16 - 7/09/16.

Mautner, A, Liska, R & Bismarck, A 2016, 'Development of Vinyl Ester and Vinyl Carbonate Photopolymers carrying Functional Groups for Improved Mechanical Performance.', Paper presented at 22nd Bratislava International Conference on Macromolecules – BIMac 2016, Bratislava, Slovakia, 6/09/16 - 9/09/16.

Maples, HA, James , T & Bismarck, A 2016, Manufacturing Affordable, High Performance Composites using Solid Epoxy Resins. in Book of Abstracts. 252nd American Chemical Society National Meeting & Exposition, PHILADELPHIA, United States, 21/08/16.

Paschinger, W, Nguyen Thu, HM & Bismarck, A 2016, On printable in situ electrolyte filled battery separators. in Book of Abstracts. 252nd American Chemical Society National Meeting & Exposition, PHILADELPHIA, United States, 21/08/16.

Showing entries 1 - 50 out of 218